Application of holistic and integrated LCSA: Case study on laminated veneer lumber production in Central Germany

Abstract Purpose We have to transform our societies and economic systems towards social, ecological, (holistic) sustainability. Bioeconomy (BE) can contribute sustainable development by substituting fossil-based products with renewable ones; however, sustainability is not intrinsic BE. Methods Therefore, we developed a holistic integrated life cycle assessment (HILCSA) method containing 91 indicators, implemented in openLCA, using the Ecoinvent SoCa database, addressing 15 out of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. applied it for first time show its capabilities assessing laminated veneer lumber (LVL) relative hot-rolled steel beams. Results, discussion Our results indicate that bio-based construction materials better than nearly all less stressing environment, having negative impact on society being economically more efficient. However, components LVL such as phenolic resin are main contributors impacts should be reduced replaced. Renewable resources from agriculture forestry significant land use (change). Conclusions HILCSA demonstrates able provide comprehensive assessments well aggregated results. BE substitutes indeed improve sustainability; need further allow conclusions drawn about absolute